The house edge in blackjack might need to be explained to new gamblers. People in the business often talk about the “house edge” and how it’s so low in blackjack, but the basic terminology can sound Greek to beginning players. If you don’t know what the basic terms, then it’s hard to appreciate why blackjack is a much better game to learn than most other online casino games. After this explanation, I hope you understand why blackjack is the game to play in a casino

Basic Facts about the House Edge

To use the basic strategy, look up your hand along the left vertical edge and the dealer's up card along the top. In both cases an A stands for ace. From top to bottom are the hard totals, soft totals, and splittable hands. There are two charts depending on whether the dealer hits or stands on soft. Typical blackjack players give about a 1.5% advantage to the house due to the mistakes they make playing their hands. But even those who get their entire basic strategy down cold still have a 0.5% disadvantage in the typical multi-deck game.

Several basic facts should be known about the house edge. First, most casino games have a built-in house edge. This is a legal according to state gambling laws, so the casino or bingo parlor can stay in business. If a house edge didn’t exist, then it would be a 50/50 proposition whether a gambling house could stay in business. In fact, given the fact that casinos have to pay employees, the utility bills, state fees, and taxes, they would almost certainly go out of business without a house edge. Most casino games put you at a disadvantage from the word “go”.

Second, the more strategy is required in a casino game, the lower the house edge is. In other words, if you have to learn tips for beating the game and can affect the outcome with good decisions, then the game tends to have oddsstacked a little more in your favor. Games like blackjack and video poker fall into this category, as they can have a house edge of 1% or less. Games which don’t require strategy, such as slots, keno, baccarat, and roulette, the odds are going to be longer. This stands to reason, because a casino can assume that a certain number of players won’t know the rules to a game, so the bad players will increase the average house edge enjoyed by the casino. A game of slots is going to have the same house edge, no matter if the person playing has never gambled or is a 30-year veteran of the casinos.

What Is a House Edge?

The house edge is the amount of money (as a percentage) of a player’s wagered cash that the casino keeps. If the casino is expected to keep $1 out of every $100 you wager, then the house edge would be 1%. If the casino is expected to keep $5 out of every $100 wagered, then the house edge on a game would be 5%. The house edge assumes that the casino is keeping some percentage of the money you bet.

In rare cases, casinos offer games with a slight positive expectation, meaning for every $100 you wager, you would expect to receive back more than $100 (if you played optimally). The games with a positive expectation are used to drive customers into the casino by word of mouth. Most of the time, the game has a negative expectation–that is, the average player expects to lose money.

Why Play against a House Edge?

The obvious question a player might ask is why you should play against a house edge. This advantage the casino has doesn’t apply to everyone. Not all players of a negative expectation game are going to lose. In fact, if the house edge is set at 1%, almost 50% of those players are likely to walk out of the casino with a little money. One player might walk out with $20. Another might lose $30. One player might get real lucky and win $500 at the blackjack table, while another gets real unlucky and lose $600. The point being, every gambler at the table has slight odds against them, so the sum total of those players is likely to give the casino the advantage. Because it’s gambling, even this is certain, especially over a single day, a single week, or even a single month.

Not all gamblers are the same, either. High limit players called “premium players” for medium sized high rollers and “whales” for top-end high rollers also come into a casino. The size of these player’s bets are so large than their wins can wipe out the profits of a thousand low-dollar players’ losses, or make the casino a lot of money if they go on a losing streak. Since high rollers also face a house edge, casinos are in stiff competition to lure these players to their establishment, so they often offer a lower house edge on the same game for high rollers. So the more you bet, the lower the house edge tends to be. That’s why a Las Vegas casino might offer European roulette in the private high roller lounge, but only offer American roulette for everybody else.

Blackjack House Edge

Anyone wanting a definite idea of the house edge they face on a particular game of blackjack can go to a blackjack house edge calculator, which are found online. These tools let you input factors such as the number of decks used, whether you can double after a split, whether the dealer hits or stands on a soft 17, and whether a surrender rule is in effect. Each of these factors changes the odds, but when you input these into the calculator, you’ll be given optimal and realistic results. Optimal only means the theoretical house edge, while realistic results calculate the average efficiency of a player using basic strategy.

Rules

I overhear a lot of bad gambling advice in the casinos. Perhaps the most frequent is this one, 'The object of blackjack is to get as close to 21 as possible, without going over.' No! The object of blackjack is to beat the dealer. To beat the dealer the player must first not bust (go over 21) and second either outscore the dealer or have the dealer bust. Here are the full rules of the game.

1. Blackjack may be played with one to eight decks of 52-card decks.
2. Aces may be counted as 1 or 11 points, 2 to 9 according to pip value, and tens and face cards count as ten points.
3. The value of a hand is the sum of the point values of the individual cards. Except, a 'blackjack' is the highest hand, consisting of an ace and any 10-point card, and it outranks all other 21-point hands.
4. After the players have bet, the dealer will give two cards to each player and two cards to himself. One of the dealer cards is dealt face up. The facedown card is called the 'hole card.'
5. If the dealer has an ace showing, he will offer a side bet called 'insurance.' This side wager pays 2 to 1 if the dealer's hole card is any 10-point card. Insurance wagers are optional and may not exceed half the original wager.
6. If the dealer has a ten or an ace showing (after offering insurance with an ace showing), then he will peek at his facedown card to see if he has a blackjack. If he does, then he will turn it over immediately.
7. If the dealer does have a blackjack, then all wagers (except insurance) will lose, unless the player also has a blackjack, which will result in a push. The dealer will resolve insurance wagers at this time.
8. Play begins with the player to the dealer's left. The following are the choices available to the player:
   • Stand: Player stands pat with his cards.
   • Hit: Player draws another card (and more if he wishes). If this card causes the player's total points to exceed 21 (known as 'breaking' or 'busting') then he loses.
   • Double: Player doubles his bet and gets one, and only one, more card.
   • Split: If the player has a pair, or any two 10-point cards, then he may double his bet and separate his cards into two individual hands. The dealer will automatically give each card a second card. Then, the player may hit, stand, or double normally. However, when splitting aces, each ace gets only one card. Sometimes doubling after splitting is not allowed. If the player gets a ten and ace after splitting, then it counts as 21 points, not a blackjack. Usually the player may keep re-splitting up to a total of four hands. Sometimes re-splitting aces is not allowed.
   • Surrender: The player forfeits half his wager, keeping the other half, and does not play out his hand. This option is only available on the initial two cards, and depending on casino rules, sometimes it is not allowed at all.
9. After each player has had his turn, the dealer will turn over his hole card. If the dealer has 16 or less, then he will draw another card. A special situation is when the dealer has an ace and any number of cards totaling six points (known as a 'soft 17'). At some tables, the dealer will also hit a soft 17.
10. If the dealer goes over 21 points, then any player who didn't already bust will win.
11. If the dealer does not bust, then the higher point total between the player and dealer will win.
12. Winning wagers pay even money, except a winning player blackjack usually pays 3 to 2. Some casinos have been short-paying blackjacks, which is a rule strongly in the casino's favor.

Wizard's Simple Strategy

I've been preaching for years that to play blackjack properly requires memorizing the basic strategy. However, after pitching the basic strategy for 20 years, I've learned that few people have the will to memorize it. In my book, Gambling 102, I presented a 'Simple Strategy,' which is seven simple rules to playing blackjack. The cost due to incorrect plays with the Simple Strategy is 0.53%, under liberal Vegas Strip rules.

Ever since my book was published it has bothered me that the cost in errors to my Simple Strategy was too high. So in September 2009 I developed the following 'Wizard's Strategy.' The cost due to imperfect plays is 0.14% only, relative to liberal Vegas Strip rules. That is the cost of one hand for about every 12 hours of play. Compared to the 250 cells in the Basic Strategy, the Wizard's Strategy has only 21, as follows.

Let me be perfectly clear that this strategy is not right 100% of the time. I continue to get Emails saying that when this strategy was used with my practice game, the player was corrected for following it. For example, my simple strategy says to stand on 12 against a 2, when it is mathematically better to hit. If you want to learn a strategy that is correct all the time you should use the appropriate basic strategy for the set of rules you are playing.

Here are some comments of clarification.

• A 'hard' hand is one that either has no aces, or has aces that are forced to count as point, lest the hand bust. A 'soft' hand is one with at least one ace, which may still count as one or eleven points.
• With a hard 10 or 11, double if you have more points than the dealer, treating a dealer ace as 11 points. Specifically, double with 10 against a 2 to 9, and with 11 against 2 to 10.
• If the strategy says to double, but you have three or more cards, or table rules don't allow soft doubling, then hit, except stand with a soft 18.
• If the strategy says to surrender (16 vs. 10), but you can't for whatever reason, then hit.
• If the strategy says to 'not split,' then treat the hand has a hard total of 8, 10, or 20, according to the pair in question.

A reader named Jeff provided another table of my simple strategy, with exceptions in small print. Details about the Wizard's Simple Strategy can be found in my Blackjack appendix 21.

Basic Strategy

For the appropriate basic strategy for just about any set of rules, please visit my basic strategy calculator. I still have my traditional charts too:

House Edge

See my Blackjack House Edge Calculator to determine the house edge under 6,912 possible rule combinations.

Rule Surveys

Las Vegas: I'm proud to feature up date blackjack rules for every casino in Las Vegas. The list is updated monthly, based on Stanford Wong's Current Blackjack Newsletter. Effective November 2009 the survey has been moved to my companion site, WizardOfVegas.com.

Rule Variations

Following is a list of some common rule variations and the effect on the player's expected return compared to standard U.S. rules (8 decks, dealer stands on soft 17, double after split allowed).

Rule Variations

Rule	Effect
Single deck	0.48%
Early surrender against ten	0.24%
Player may double on any number of cards	0.23%
Double deck	0.19%
Player may draw to split aces	0.19%
Six-card Charlie	0.16%
Player may resplit aces	0.08%
Late surrender	0.08%
Four decks	0.06%
Five decks	0.03%
Six decks	0.02%
Split to only 3 hands	-0.01%
Player may double on 9-11 only	-0.09%
Split to only 2 hands	-0.10%
European no hole card	-0.11%
Player may not double after splitting	-0.14%
Player may double on 10,11 only	-0.18%
Dealer hits on soft 17	-0.22%
Blackjack pays 7-5	-0.45%
Blackjack pays 6-5	-1.39%
Blackjacks pay 1 to 1	-2.27%

I also have a longer list of rule variations.

Beware Short Pays on a Blackjack

More and more tables are showing up that pay less than the full 3 to 2 on a blackjack. Most of these tables pay 6 to 5, but some even money and 7 to 5 tables are known to exist. I would estimate that 10% of '21' tables in Las Vegas now pay less than 3 to 2. In my opinion, only games that pay 3 to 2 deserve to be called 'blackjack,' the rest fall under '21' games, including Super Fun 21 and Spanish 21. Regardless of the other rules, you should demand nothing less than 3 to 2 blackjack. You should always check the felt to be sure, and if the felt doesn't say, look for a sign. If nothing says the win on a blackjack, then ask.

Articles about 6-5 Blackjack:

• Taking a hit: New blackjack odds further tilt advantage toward the house, Las Vegas Sun, Nov. 13, 2003.
• Tighter blackjack rules would hurt players' bankroll, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, Feb. 4, 2011.

Bad Strategies

Three popular bad strategies encountered at the blackjack table are: never bust, mimic the dealer, and always assume the dealer has a ten in the hole. All three are very bad strategies. Following are my specific comments on each of them, including the house edge under Atlantic City rules (dealer stands on soft 17, split up to 4 hands, double after split, double any two cards) of 0.43%.

Blackjack Basic Strategy Chart

Never bust: For my analysis of this strategy I assumed the player would never hit a hard 12 or more. All other decisions were according to correct basic strategy. This 'never bust' strategy results in a house edge of 3.91%.

Mimic the dealer: For my analysis of this strategy I assumed the player would always hit 16 or less and stand on17 or more, including a soft 17. The player never doubled or split, since the dealer is not allowed to do so. This 'mimic the dealer' strategy results in a house edge of 5.48%.

Assume a ten in the hole: For this strategy I first figured out the optimal basic strategy under this assumption. If the dealer had an ace up, then I reverted to proper basic strategy, because the dealer would have peeked for blackjack, making a 10 impossible. This 'assume a ten' strategy results in a house edge of 10.03%.

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Blackjack Basic Strategy Casino Edge In 2017

Written by: Michael Shackleford